ABSTRACT
Constraint-based genome-scale metabolic network models (genome-scale metabolic models, GEMs) have been widely used to predict metabolic phenotypes. In addition to stoichiometric constraints, other constraints such as enzyme availability and thermodynamic feasibility may also limit the cellular phenotype solution space. Recently, extended GEM models considering either enzymatic or thermodynamic constraints have been developed to improve model prediction accuracy. This review summarizes the recent progresses on metabolic models with multiple constraints (MCGEMs). We presented the construction methods and various applications of MCGEMs including the simulation of gene knockout, prediction of biologically feasible pathways and identification of bottleneck steps. By integrating multiple constraints in a consistent modeling framework, MCGEMs can predict the metabolic bottlenecks and key controlling and modification targets for pathway optimization more precisely, and thus may provide more reliable design results to guide metabolic engineering of industrially important microorganisms.
Subject(s)
Genome , Metabolic Engineering , Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics , Models, Biological , ThermodynamicsABSTRACT
With the rapid development of information technology, artificial intelligence technology (AI) and how to use it have become the focus of current researches. The application of AI in the field of TCM has shown its uniqueness. The combination of artificial intelligence technology and traditional Chinese medicine provides a new direction and idea for the development of TCM. This paper analyzes the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) of TCM development against the background of AI technology in China by SWOT analysis method. Based on these analyses, this paper puts forward some counter measures such as protecting personal information, avoiding negative effects and medical regulations etc. In order to facilitate and guarantee the development of TCM, we should take advantage of the AI, and avoid its disadvantages.
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Objective To investigate the feasibility of manual reduction with inverse shift for pronation-extorsion trimalleolar fracture by applying the finite element method combined with clinical experience. Methods Based on CT images and anatomical features of bone, ligaments and other tissues as well as material parameters, a normal ankle model with completed muscles and bones for a Chinese young male was established. According to the related characteristics of the pronation-extorsion trimalleolar fractures, fracture was simulated in the proper position to make osteotomy model. The finite element model of pronation-extorsion trimalleolar fractures was thus established and then applied with mechanical loading to simulate manual reduction with inverse shift. Results The established finite element model of pronation-extorsion trimalleolar fractures was effectively restored by the displacement loading. Conclusions The finite element analysis on pronation-extorsion trimalleolar fractures by inverse shift maneuver could further prove the feasibility, effectiveness and scientificity of manual reduction with inverse shift based on clinical experience.
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Objective: Analyze the clinical application rule of Chinese patent medicine in cervical radiculopathy (CR) .Method: The clinical real-world data of CR were extracted by using information sharing system of traditional Chinese medicine and clinical research. Six hundred and twenty-eight inpatients and out patients with CR were enrolled from December 2012 to July 2014 in the information system database of Wangjing Hospital. The correlation analyses and mutual information value were recorded for Chinese patent medicine therapy application of all patients by using liquorice software. Complex network diagrams were generated. Result: Yuxuebi capsule and Jingshu granule is the highest frequency in application of Chinese patent medicine. Jingshu granule and Cobamamide for injection were the highest frequency in combined application of Chinese patent medicine and western medicine. Association frequency was 822, mutual information value was 268.07. Biqi capsule and Daiwenjiu cream were the highest frequency in combined application of Chinese patent medicine and topical drugs. Association frequency was 384, mutual information value was1754.76. Conclusion: The basic treating principle for CR was promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. The efficacy and safety of combined Chinese patent medicine with other medicine need further research
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This study was aimed to analyze the application of non-pharmacotherapy in treating cervical radiculopathy (CR) in real-world,and to provide clinical reference for CR non-pharmacotherapy.The clinical real-world data of CR was extracted by using information sharing system of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and clinical research.Six hundred and twenty-eight inpatients and outpatients with CR were enrolled from December 2012 to July 2014 in the information system database of Wangjing Hospital.Basic characteristics of the non-pharmacotherapy groups were analyzed by statistical description method.The node degree and mutual information value were recorded for non-pharmacotherapy application of all patients by using liquorice software.Complex network diagrams were generated.The results showed that 47％ of CR patients received non-pharmacotherapy (294/628),including 67 males and 227 females.The average age of patients was 49 years old,and the prevalence of the disease was the highest from 45 to 65 years old.In all patients,the usage of manipulation and cervical traction was higher,and the combination of manipulation and acupuncture was the most.Within outpatients,the proportion of cervical traction was higher,and the combination of manipulation and acupuncture was the most frequently.Within inpatients,the proportion of manipulation and cervical traction was higher,and the combination of comprehensive physical therapy and exercise therapy was the most frequently.It was concluded that non-pharmacotherapy has been commonly used in clinical treatment of CR.Cervical traction and manipulation was the widest applications.The combination treatment was in wide application.Future studies should increase the sample size of CR patients from different regions,and enhance gradually the level of evidence of clinical research for non-pharmacotherapy treating CR.
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BACKGROUND:There is a lack of study on material properties and parameters of foot finite element models in China. Vernier caliper is a common method for measuring the width and thickness of ligaments and tendons to calculate the cross-sectional area. OBJECTIVE:To design a new ligament cross-sectional area measuring instrument to improve the measurement accuracy. METHODS:The cross-sectional area of the five fresh cadaver ankle ligaments was respectively measured using the new instrument and vernier caliper, and then a comparative analysis of the two measurement methods was performend. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The cross-sectional area of anterior talofibular ligament, calcaneofibular ligament, tibionavicular ligament and calcaneotibial ligament was (20.61±7.52), (22.38±11. 49), (33.09±9.91) and (28.20±10.88) mm2, respectively measured by the vernier caliper, and (17.59±4.03), (20.77±7.91), (28.08±8.14) and (30.39±7.98) mm2 by the new ligament cross-sectional area measuring instrument. These results suggest that this new measuring instrument is accurate, reliable and easy to operate, which can be used as a special instrument to measure ligament cross-sectional area, but further studies wil be necessary.
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As a treasure of the traditional culture of China, TCM can be developed in long-term, that need the inheritance and innovation of scholars. During the process, it is an important responsibility and obligation that the development of TCM hospital. The development and improve of the hospital scientific research are important aspects for the development of hospital. The construction of scientific research team is an important approach to promote the hospital scientific research strength. By analyzing the whole current situation of hospital scientific research team, we will discuss the measures to strengthen the construction of hospital scientific research team from several aspects. These aspects include the system of scientific research team, talented person echelon structure, management system and the team overall strength, etc. These measures are aimed to strengthen the team construction characteristics of TCM, promote the scientific research level of TCM, contribute to the development of the career and hospital.